Loss From Cataracts and Cataract Surgery Utilization in the United States—A National Health Interview Survey Analysis

在美國由於白內障及白內障手術利用造成的損失—一項全國健康訪談調查分析

Created
Tags CGMHOPH
Journal AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
Status 審查完成
校稿者 蕭靜熹 醫師

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY OCTOBER 2023

中文摘要

在過去一年中,需要但無法負擔醫療費用的人比起其他人更有可能報告由於白內障導致的視力喪失( P < 0.001)。未投保醫療保險的參與者比起擁有私人保險的人更不可能報告接受了白內障手術( P = 0.03)。收入較高的人(貧窮收入比:1.00-2.99 vs < 1.00)更有可能報告接受了白內障手術( P = 0.04)。這些結果來自約翰霍普金斯大學醫學院威爾默眼科學院的研究。該研究強調眼科醫生在白內障患者中檢測社會風險的重要性,因為這些社會因素是影響接受就醫的重要障礙。視力障礙是一個重要的公共衛生問題,影響著超過340萬40歲以上的美國人,導致了巨大的經濟負擔。視力障礙對生活質量、心理社交健康和死亡率都有不良影響。白內障是美國領先的可逆視力喪失原因,負責50%的雙眼視力障礙。儘管白內障有有效的外科治療方法,但種族和族裔之間存在白內障相關視力障礙的差異,如巴爾的摩眼睛調查研究所發現,黑人患者的視力障礙因白內障而引起的年齡調整後患病率比白人患者高75%,接受白內障手術的比例較低。根據2016年的美國國家健康訪談調查(NHIS)分析,自報視覺障礙與具體的社會決定健康(social determinants of health, SDOH)指標(如教育水準較低、醫療保險、支付醫療費用困難等)明顯相關。本研究調查了2016年至2017年期間的NHIS數據集中的多個SDOH變數,發現與白內障相關的結果存在不平等,包括保險類型、收入水平、工作狀態、因時間問題延遲就醫和在過去一年需要但無法負擔醫療費用等。因此,研究提醒眼科醫生在白內障患者中應重視社會風險,並提醒醫療機構關注社會決定健康因素,以解決接受醫療的障礙。根據研究結果顯示,與高教育程度的人相比,教育程度較低的人在需要時購買眼鏡的能力較差。雖然之前的研究發現,教育程度較低的人患白內障的風險增加,但我們未在自報白內障和不同教育程度之間找到任何顯著關聯。此外,之前的研究指出教育程度較低的人視力損失率較高,但我們的研究未發現白內障導致的視力損失與教育程度之間的類似關聯。此外,在我們的研究中,即使在控制其他相關變量(如保險類型、年齡、種族和人均所得)後,教育程度較高的人接受白內障手術的可能性也顯著較低。未來的研究應該考慮到健康保險因素,並探討社會因素對於白內障相關結果的影響,例如醫療知識和語言障礙。此外,提供改善健康教育、保險覆蓋和幫助有社會風險的人連接眼科服務的資源,有助於解決這些健康差距。

English Abstract

The content discusses the association between social determinants of health (SDOH) factors and cataract-related outcomes. The study found that individuals who couldn’t afford medical care were more likely to report vision loss due to cataracts. Uninsured participants were less likely to undergo cataract surgery compared to those with private insurance. Higher income individuals were more likely to undergo cataract surgery. The study emphasizes the importance of ophthalmologists screening for social risks in patients with cataract, as social factors can be barriers to accessing care. Vision impairment due to cataracts is a significant public health issue, affecting millions of Americans. Racial and ethnic disparities in vision impairment have been documented, with Black individuals having a higher prevalence of visual impairment due to cataracts and lower rates of cataract surgery. Various SDOH factors, including income, insurance type, and access to healthcare, were examined in relation to cataract-related outcomes. The study used nationally representative data from three survey years.The content discusses a study that examines the relationship between education level and the affordability of eyeglasses and cataract-related outcomes. The study finds that individuals with lower educational attainment have a higher risk of cataracts but no significant association between education level and self-reported cataracts. It also explores the impact of health insurance on cataract-related outcomes, with uninsured individuals having the highest likelihood of vision loss due to cataracts. The study suggests that social factors such as insurance coverage, health literacy, and language barriers can serve as barriers to receiving cataract surgery and recommends improving health disparities through resources and assistance.