Effect of Low-Fat Dietary Modification on Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma

Ophthalmology Volume 130, Number 6, June 2023

中文摘要

本研究的目的是檢驗飲食調整（diet modification, DM）是否能夠降低原發性開角型青光眼（POAG）的發病風險。該研究將醫療保險索賠數據與參與婦女健康倡議飲食調整試驗的45,203名女性相關聯。使用Cox比例風險模型分析數據，計算危險比（HR）和置信區間（CI）。結果顯示，DM在降低POAG的發病風險方面沒有總體效益。該研究還探討了飲食因素與POAG風險之間的關係，包括膳食脂肪攝入量和ω-6脂肪酸與ω-3脂肪酸之比例。基線時膳食中總脂肪卡路里百分比較低且ω-6脂肪酸與ω-3脂肪酸比例較低的參與者患POAG的風險增加。研究結果表明，保持健康的飲食，包括足夠的脂肪攝入量，可能對降低POAG的風險至關重要。然而，需要進一步的研究來更好地了解最佳脂肪攝入量及其與POAG風險的關係。該研究存在一些限制，例如使用醫療代碼而非直接檢查來診斷POAG。然而，研究結果為飲食因素在POAG發展中的潛在作用提供了見解，並凸顯了進一步調查和預防青光眼視力損失的干預的需求。

English Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether dietary modification (DM) could reduce the risk of incident primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The study linked Medicare claims data to 45,203 women who participated in the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the data and calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed no overall benefit of DM in reducing incident POAG. The study also explored the relationship between dietary factors and POAG risk, including the intake of dietary fats and the ratio of omega 6-to-omega 3 fatty acids. Participants with lower percentage of calories from total fat and lower omega 6-to-omega 3 fatty acid ratio at baseline had an increased risk of developing POAG. The findings suggest that maintaining a healthy diet, including a sufficient percentage of fat intake, may be important in reducing the risk of POAG. However, further research is needed to better understand the optimal fat intake and its relationship to POAG risk. The study had some limitations, such as the use of billing codes instead of direct examination for the diagnosis of POAG. Nevertheless, the results provide insights into the potential role of dietary factors in the development of POAG and highlight the need for further investigation and interventions to prevent glaucomatous vision loss.